How many individuals can typically be included in a photo lineup for suspect identification?

A photo lineup typically includes six individuals for suspect identification because this number strikes a balance between providing enough variety for the witness to make a reliable identification while not overwhelming them with choices. This standard is based on research and practical considerations that aim to reduce the risk of misidentification and ensure the process is manageable for witnesses.

Including six individuals allows for a fair representation of potential suspects alongside fillers, which are individuals who are not relevant to the case but help create a more realistic lineup. If the lineup is too small, it may skew the identification process, as witnesses could feel pressured to identify someone even if they are unsure. Conversely, a lineup that is too large might confuse the witness or increase the cognitive load, making it harder for them to make a choice.

The other options fall outside of this established standard: four is too few to create a meaningful comparison, and seven could lead to complications by introducing additional variability without substantial benefit. Therefore, the practice of using six individuals in a photo lineup is backed by both empirical research and best practices in law enforcement.