What type of damage to the roadway is caused by metal?

The type of damage to the roadway that is caused by metal is gouges. When metal objects, such as heavy machinery or sharp tools, come into contact with the road surface, they can scrape or cut into the material. This creates a distinct groove or indentation known as a gouge.

Gouges are typically deeper and wider than other forms of road wear, making them uniquely identifiable. Unlike potholes, which result from water erosion and wear over time, gouges stem specifically from foreign objects cutting into the surface. Cracks are generally caused by environmental factors like temperature fluctuations and do not involve the direct cutting action of metal. Deformations refer to broader structural changes which can be caused by various factors, such as heavy loads or soil movement, but they do not specifically relate to the impact of metal. Thus, gouges represent a precise type of roadway damage associated with metal interactions.