Which type of mental health issue is characterized by mood swings?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by significant mood swings, which can include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). During a manic phase, individuals may feel excessively happy, energetic, or irritable, while during depressive phases, they may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. This cycle of mood fluctuations can vary in frequency and intensity among individuals, making it a defining feature of bipolar disorder.

In contrast, autism primarily affects social interactions and communication, rather than causing mood swings. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often involves trauma-related symptoms such as flashbacks and anxiety but does not typically feature the drastic mood fluctuations associated with bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia is characterized by distorted thinking, perceptions, and emotions but not necessarily the pattern of mood swings seen in bipolar disorder. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why bipolar disorder is correctly identified as the mental health issue defined by mood swings.